3D Printers and Rapid Prototype Machines: What Is the Difference?

For people outside the fields of engineering and technology, there can be some confusion regarding the terms “3D printers” and “rapid prototype machines.” This conundrum is to be expected since there are even engineers who are not aware that these machines exist.

Nonetheless, both these machines are used in fabricating scale models used in engineering, automation, manufacturing and mechanics. In recent years, however, the use of these machines has expanded beyond the confines of engineering to medicine, education, and even the arts. But what makes these machines different from each other?

What Are Rapid Prototype Machines?

The term “rapid prototype machine” actually refers to a wide range of machines that use many different technologies to create scale models. These technologies have names such as stereolithography, where photosensitive resin is shaped and hardened by a laser beam; solid ground curing, where the resin is cured with ultraviolet rays; or fused deposition modeling, where melted polymer is built in layers around a support structure.

Regardless of the technology used in these machines, the procedure used in creating models is almost uniform. A model is generated using CAD software, and the model is then converted into a file with an STL extension. The rapid prototype machine then processes this STL file by slicing it layer by layer. These layers are then produced on a platform using resin, and once completed the model is finished and cured.

3D Printers Are Rapid Prototype Machines

As for 3D printers, they are actually a subclass of rapid prototype machines. What makes them distinct from the other rapid prototype machines is that they are faster. The word “rapid” in rapid prototype machines can be misleading because creating models with them can still take days, even weeks. With 3D printers, you can have your model within a matter of hours, even minutes.

Most machines that are classified as 3D printers make use of inkjet printing technology, which is why they are called “printers” in the first place. This does not mean that 3D printers use inkjet technologies exclusively. There are such machines that also use derivatives of the fused deposition modeling process or the ultraviolet curing process. In 3D printers that use inkjet technology, the resin is sprayed on the printing platform using inkjet nozzles. Adhesives are also sprayed with the resin so that the layers would bind together to create the 3D model.

Another characteristic of 3D printers is that the base materials they use are usually non-toxic and do not require curing or finishing. This is a big contrast with 3D models created with stereolithography, for instance. In stereolithography, the resins that operators work with can become toxic if left uncured.

In addition, 3D printers are a lot less expensive. A starter 3D printing machine can cost US$15,000. While that figure cannot be considered cheap, it is relatively inexpensive compared to high-end rapid prototyping machines that can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars. There are also 3D printing machines that you can make on your own using starter kits and open source software.

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